Journal of Health and Social Welfare

Dark Energy A Potential Energy to Explore

Yuwak KC — 2024-10-21

American astronomer Edwin Hubble demonstrated in 1929 that galaxies located further from Earth travel more quickly than those located closer to our planet. The term "dark energy" was coined in 1998 by American astronomer Michael S. Turner, who proposed the existence of an unseen energy form in space that accelerates galaxies away from one another. Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess received the "Nobel Prize 2011" in physics for proving that dark energy is the reason behind galaxies' acceleration. In the scientific community, dark energy is still an undiscovered form of energy. As a galaxy slows down against attractive gravity, it can release mechanical energy since it is accelerating due to dark energy, which is an increase in the galaxy's kinetic energy ΔEk. The mapping of dark matter According to Hubble's rule, ΔEk = M(H0Δd)2, occurs as extra energy fills a new space formed in the process of accelerating cosmic expansion, based on two different distances from the earth, d1 and d2. Where H0 is Hubble's constant and Δd = d2 - d1 is the mass of a galaxy. Dark energy can therefore be viewed as a potential source of extra energy that humanity will eventually be able to use. It goes without saying that dark energy will have the ability to accelerate test objects in our laboratory as well as galaxies once the dark energy operator is found.

An Insight on History and Causes of Girls Trafficking in Nepal

Bishnu Prasad Khanal — 2024-10-21

Every year a large number of Nepalese girls born in poverty and hardship, these sectors of the population are vulnerable of being trafficked to India and other parts of the World. The history of girls trafficking in Nepal predates modern borders and international laws. The tradition of sending young girls to work in other places has existed for centuries. Historical records indicate that traffickers have taken advantage of the open border between Nepal and India, facilitating the movement of thousands of girls into the sex trade. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with key informants from Maiti Nepal, Shakti Shamuha, and Nava Jyoti. Data are gathered from structured and unstructured questionnaires, utilizing Purposive sampling to align with the research goals of exploring the history of girl Trafficking in Nepal, identifying laws made to tackle it and its root causes and assessing the social stigma and discrimination against the trafficked girls in the society. The study found some major aspects of it. The major causes of girls' trafficking were found to be poverty, unemployment with low level of education, and bad culture/tradition. The open border between Nepal and India and the lack of implementation of laws were also found some of the causes. Although efforts were made to tackle the problem of trafficking, most victims from the rescue centers were found to have suffered from social stigma, religious factors, discrimination, psychological stress, and physical and sexual abuse in their society.

Knowledge on Emergency Contraceptives Among Diploma Level Students in Kathmandu District

Neera Gurung — 2024-10-21

Background: Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) is a type of modern contraception that is indicated after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. Use of ECPs with in a defined time period could prevent unwanted pregnancy and its adverse consequences like unintended child birth and unsafe abortion. This study was done to assess knowledge of emergency contraceptive pills among Diploma Level students of Kathmandu District.

Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the diploma level (PCL general medicine) students of 15-24 years of Kathmandu district in the month of December 2020 to May 2021. A total of 344 diploma level students from six colleges were taken and a multi-stage sampling technique was used and self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude after getting consent. Data processing and analysis was done using SPSS version 25.

Results: Out of the total students 344, (53.5%) are in the age of 18 or below years, about (98.0%) of the respondents had ever heard about emergency contraceptives. The major sources of information were mass media (24.6%), followed by health care provider, social media and colleges. Only (40.4%) of students had good knowledge of ECPs.

Search and Destroy Campaign for Dengue Prevention in Kathmandu

Ashok Pandey — 2024-10-21

Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, has become a significant public health concern in Nepal. Because of the city's rapid development, haphazard settlements, and inadequate sanitation facilities, mosquitoes can reproduce and spread more easily, raising the possibility of dengue transmission. In 2023, Nepal has been witnessing sporadic cases of dengue even during the summer in almost all topographical regions of the country. Climate change, unplanned urbanization, poor solid-waste management, easy transit between dengue-endemic regions, and limited public health resources are common reasons for dengue outbreaks in Nepal. Although dengue prevention was less of a priority in the country until last year. The "Search and Destroy" campaign is a key approach to controlling and preventing the spread of dengue fever. This strategy focuses on identifying and eliminating mosquito breeding sites to reduce the mosquito population and thereby reduce the transmission of the dengue virus.