Nurses Attitudes Toward Caring for LGBTQ Patients and the Factors that Influence Them

Abstract

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations face persistent health disparities due to stigma, societal norms, and gaps in provider competence. Nurses’ attitudes and training influence care quality, yet cultural sensitivity and personal beliefs may limit inclusivity, especially in Nepal. This study aimed to assess nurses’ attitudes toward LGBTQ patients and the factors shaping these attitudes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhaktapur, Nepal. A total of 422 nurses were selected through the census method from four hospitals chosen by purposive sampling, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 with descriptive and inferential statistics to summarize findings and identify associated factors. Findings indicated that most respondents were young nurses aged 18–27 years (54%), female (98.1%), with PCL Nursing qualifications (64%) and working in wards (62.3%). Knowledge about homosexuality was low (53.6% scored <60%), while attitudes showed stigma alongside some support, 60% viewed homosexuality as immoral, yet 52.1% agreed LGBTQ patients deserve equal care. Regression analysis indicated that general attitudes (β = 0.355), homophobic behavior (β = 0.279), and stereotypes (β = –0.363) explained 66% of variance in care attitudes, while knowledge had minimal impact (β = 0.064). Therefore, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote LGBTQ-inclusive healthcare.