Self-Care Practice for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Diabetes Patients at Alka Hospital (P.) Ltd. Jawalakhel, Lalitpur

Abstract

Introduction: A collection of metabolic disorders is known as diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by ongoing hyperglycemia as caused by issues with insulin action, insulin secretion, or both improper secretion and faulty secretion combined action. Diabetes mellitus can be of two major types: Diabetes type I is brought on by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic islets-cells because a lack of enough insulin leads to type 2 diabetes secretion and resistance to insulin's effects. Diabetes self-care has been described as an evolutionary process of knowledge or awareness development through learning to cope with the complicated nature of the disease in a social environment. Because individuals and/or families manage the vast bulk of daily diabetic treatment. There is a critical need for trustworthy and effective diabetic self-management tools.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was quantitative and descriptive in nature and was used to assess self-care practice for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Alka Hospital (P.) Ltd. Jawalakhel, Lalitpur. Data were collected using the interview method. RegardingSelf-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was used to collect data regarding self-care practice for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 146 respondents were selected from a patients of Alka hospital with probability sampling techniques (simple random sampling). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for level of self-care management.

Results: Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the majority of respondents have good self-care practice (i.e 74.7%). Only 10.3% of people exercise daily, and 79.5% of people exercise for 30 minutes or more. 33.6% of people have a physical examination every three months. Frequency of blood glucose testing: once per week 32.2%. In “Respondents level of self-care management across different practice areas” most practice area was in Blood glucose monitoring (i.e µ 2.7329) and least practice area is in physical activity (i.e µ 1.4589). Self-care level and age (in years), showing that the age group 55–65 accounts for the majority of poor self-care levels (45.9%). Crosstabulation of self-care level data by gender, demonstrating that male account for the majority of good self-care levels (58.7%). “A crosstabulation of the respondent's education level and level of self-care” Poor self-care is attributed to 40.5% of respondents (no formal education). Families with a monthly family income of at least Rs. 50,000 are considered to have good self-care at a rate of 67.0%. There is a significant association with the knowledge of participants (i.e p = 0.000).

Conclusion: Research shows that Type 2 diabetes mellitus can be prevented by lifestyle changes, nutrition control, and managing overweight and obesity. The majority of respondents have good self-care practices, with the most common area being blood glucose monitoring. Males account for the majority of good self-care levels. Significant association found between participant knowledge and Practices level. Regular research can significantly improve patient outcomes.